What is an OBD-II diagnostic trouble code (DTC)?

An OBD-II diagnostic trouble code (DTC) is a standardized alphanumeric code generated by your vehicle's onboard diagnostic system when it detects a malfunction in the engine, transmission, emissions system, or other monitored components. DTC codes follow the format P, C, B, or U followed by four digits (e.g., P0301). The first character indicates the system: P codes are powertrain issues (engine, transmission), C codes are chassis problems (brakes, steering), B codes indicate body system faults (lights, windows), and U codes are network communication errors. Understanding DTC codes helps technicians quickly diagnose vehicle problems and determine appropriate repair solutions.

How do I read and interpret a DTC code?

DTC codes are structured with five characters. The first character indicates the system: P (powertrain), C (chassis), B (body), or U (network). The second digit specifies the subsystem: 0 for manufacturer-specific, 1 for emissions-related. The third digit identifies the component or system type (e.g., fuel system, ignition, transmission). The fourth and fifth digits pinpoint the specific malfunction. For example, P0301 means a powertrain code for cylinder 1 misfire. ProCarManuals provides detailed explanations for each DTC code, including the affected system, likely causes, and recommended repair procedures. Understanding code structure helps you quickly assess problem severity and decide whether professional service is needed.

What's the difference between a hard fault and a soft fault?

A hard fault (hard DTC) is a persistent malfunction that consistently triggers fault codes every time the vehicle operates. Hard faults indicate serious problems like failing sensors, broken connectors, or damaged components requiring immediate repair. A soft fault (intermittent DTC) triggers codes sporadically when specific conditions occur, then clears without permanent damage. Soft faults are often more difficult to diagnose because they disappear before repair attempts. Both types activate the check engine light, but hard faults are more urgent. ProCarManuals helps you understand which faults are critical and which may clear temporarily. Using diagnostic equipment to pull DTC codes and understand their frequency helps determine problem severity.

What should I do when my check engine light comes on?

When your check engine light illuminates, use a diagnostic scanner to pull OBD-II DTC codes. First, note the code(s) displayed and search our ProCarManuals DTC database for detailed information. Determine if the problem requires immediate attention: severe codes like misfire, fuel system failure, or transmission faults need urgent repair, while minor codes like oxygen sensor issues may wait. Check for obvious problems like loose gas caps (which can trigger codes). If driving feels normal and only a minor code appears, you can continue to a repair facility. Severe drivability issues, strange noises, or multiple codes indicate immediate professional service is needed. Never ignore the check engine light for extended periods.

Can I clear DTC codes myself?

Yes, you can clear DTC codes using a diagnostic scanner connected to your vehicle's OBD-II port, typically located under the dashboard. Many auto parts stores offer free code reading and clearing. However, clearing codes without addressing the underlying problem is temporary—codes will return when the fault condition reoccurs. Some codes (pending codes) may clear automatically after several drive cycles without the fault occurring again. Never clear codes immediately before a vehicle inspection or emissions test, as this is fraudulent. Use code clearing strategically: after making repairs, clear codes and verify they don't return. ProCarManuals helps you understand whether codes indicate serious problems requiring professional repair or minor issues that may self-correct.

What are the most common P-codes and their meanings?

Common powertrain (P) codes include: P0101 (Mass Air Flow sensor range/performance), P0128 (Coolant thermostat malfunction), P0171 (System too lean), P0300 (Random/multiple cylinder misfire), P0301-P0306 (Specific cylinder misfire), P0420 (Catalyst system efficiency below threshold), P0500 (Vehicle speed sensor malfunction), P0601 (Internal control module memory check sum error), and P0700 (Transmission control system malfunction). Engine-related P-codes are the most frequently encountered. Mass airflow sensor faults often trigger multiple symptoms like rough idle and reduced fuel economy. Misfire codes indicate combustion problems requiring attention quickly to prevent catalytic converter damage. Catalyst codes suggest emission system problems. ProCarManuals provides comprehensive P-code listings with detailed explanations and repair procedures for your specific vehicle make and model.

What do C-codes indicate and how are they different from P-codes?

Chassis (C) codes indicate problems in vehicle systems outside the powertrain: brakes, steering, suspension, and ABS (anti-lock braking system). Examples include C0040 (ABS sensor circuit malfunction), C0100 (ABS module fault), and C0220 (Rear wheel speed sensor circuit). Unlike P-codes affecting engine operation, C-codes typically don't prevent the vehicle from starting but can affect safety and handling. ABS fault codes indicate the anti-lock system is disabled and brakes operate in normal mode without ABS assistance. Steering angle sensor faults (common C-codes in modern vehicles) affect stability control and power steering. Suspension codes indicate sensor or component failures affecting vehicle dynamics. ProCarManuals provides detailed C-code information for your vehicle, helping you understand which chassis faults are critical for safety versus minor issues.

Where can I find DTC codes for my specific vehicle?

ProCarManuals provides comprehensive OBD-II DTC databases organized by vehicle make, model, and year. Our system covers all major manufacturers: BMW, Acura, Honda, Toyota, Ford, Chevrolet, Mercedes, Audi, Volkswagen, Nissan, and many others. Use our search feature to find DTC codes by vehicle information or code number. We provide separate listings for powertrain (P), chassis (C), body (B), and network (U) codes. Each code entry includes the fault description, affected system, likely causes, and repair procedures specific to your vehicle. Our organized, make-and-model-specific database prevents confusion and ensures accuracy. If you can't find your vehicle, contact our support team for assistance with specific code interpretation.

How do transmission fault codes differ from engine codes?

Transmission fault codes are typically P-codes in the P0700-P0800 range indicating gearbox malfunctions: P0700 (Transmission control system malfunction), P0711 (Transmission fluid temperature sensor), P0715 (Input/output speed sensor), P0730 (Incorrect gear ratio), and P0740 (Torque converter circuit malfunction). Unlike engine codes affecting combustion, transmission codes indicate shifts, pressure control, or sensor problems. A single transmission code may prevent the vehicle from shifting properly, entering limp mode (limited operation at reduced power). Some transmission faults trigger severe drivability issues requiring immediate repair to prevent transmission damage. Other transmission codes may clear after service resets. ProCarManuals provides detailed transmission DTC explanations and repair procedures for specific gearbox models (automatic, manual, CVT) in your vehicle.

What are emissions-related codes and why are they important?

Emissions-related codes (flagged by the second digit '1' in P-codes like P0171, P0420) indicate problems affecting exhaust emissions and environmental pollution control. Common emissions codes include P0171/P0174 (System too lean/rich), P0420 (Catalyst system efficiency), and P0440 (Evaporative emission control system malfunction). These codes directly impact your vehicle's ability to pass emissions testing and environmental regulations. Emissions problems often don't produce obvious symptoms but can reduce fuel economy and performance. Catalyst codes (P0420, P0430) warn of catalytic converter problems—expensive components that must be repaired to pass inspections. Oxygen sensor faults trigger emissions codes and fuel economy issues. ProCarManuals helps you understand which codes are emissions-critical for inspection compliance versus minor issues. Address emissions codes promptly to maintain environmental standards and inspection compliance.

Can I diagnose and fix DTC codes myself or do I need professional service?

Some DTC codes indicate simple fixes you can perform yourself: loose gas caps trigger P0440, damaged connectors can cause multiple codes, blown fuses affect specific systems. Many DIYers successfully diagnose and repair sensor codes and connector problems using ProCarManuals guides and a basic diagnostic scanner. However, complex codes requiring specialized equipment, software, or deep technical knowledge need professional service. Engine computer reprogramming, transmission relearning procedures, and precision sensor replacement often require dealer-level diagnostics. Misfire codes may need compression testing. Catalytic converter issues need professional assessment. Evaluate your technical skill level and available tools before attempting repairs. ProCarManuals helps you understand code severity and whether DIY repair is feasible. Serious codes (transmission, catalytic converter, multiple misfires) warrant professional diagnosis to prevent costly damage.

Volvo, DTC Fault Codes

Volvo MID 150 – Suspension fault codes

By Todd Mitchell

On: Wednesday, November 22, 2023 7:08 PM

Volvo PID Fault Codes

Fault code	Designation of malfunction	FMI	Fault description
PID 152	Number of restart of the electronic control unit of pneumatic suspension of the car.	12	There is a possibility of a faulty component.

Volvo PPID Fault Codes

Fault code

Designation of malfunction

FMI

Fault description

PPID 111

E designation of car suspension.

Unexpected reaction of a mechanical system to the control signal.

Unknown problem.

Volvo SID Fault Codes

Fault code	Designation of malfunction	FMI	Fault description
SID 1	Front axle solenoid valve on the right.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 2	Front axle solenoid valve to the left.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 3	Solenoid valve 2 axis on the right.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
4 SID	Solenoid valve 2 axis on the left.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 5	Solenoid valve 3 axis on the right.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 6	Solenoid valve 3 axis on the left.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 7	Solenoid valve average.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 8	Block 2/axle lifting trolley.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 10	Elevating the elastic element, the Office.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 16	Floor level sensor 1 axis on the right.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 17	Floor level sensor 1 axis on the left.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 18	Sex gauge 2 axis on the right.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 19	Floor 2 level sensor to the left, to the left.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 20	Floor level sensor 3 axis on the right.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 21	Floor level sensor 3 axis on the left.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 23	Pressure in the pneumatic cushion 1 axis on the right.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 24	Pneumatic cushion pressure gauge 2 axis on the right.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 25	Pneumatic cushion pressure gauge 2 axis on the left.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 26	Pressure in the pneumatic cushion 3 axis on the right.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 27	Pressure in the pneumatic cushion 3 axis on the left.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 28	Lifting pressure sensor elastic element.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 33	Remote control, remote access.	7	Level sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 43	Average 3/2 solenoid valve 3 axis.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
SID 231	SAE J1939 control signal	2	Data checksum cannot be calculated or is incorrect, due to interruption of the signal.
SID 240	Program memory of the electronic control unit.	13	Program memory, calibration values are wrong.
SID 250	SAE J1708 signal information.	2	Data checksum cannot be calculated or is incorrect, due to interruption of the signal.
SID 253	Calibration data memory EEPROM of the electronic control unit of the car.	0 1 2 3 13 14	Data checksum is calculated correctly, but the values above the norm. Data checksum is calculated correctly, but the tabular values below standards. Data checksum cannot be calculated or is incorrect, because the interrupt signal. High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Car clutch cylinder position sensor, calibration values are wrong. Unknown problem.

Volvo PSID Fault Codes

Fault code.	Designation of malfunction	FMI	Fault description.
PSID 1	Car floor level sensor.	3 4	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage.
PSID 2	The pressure sensor of the car.	3 4	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage.
PSID 3	Power carts.	7	Switch, the system does not react in the right way.
PSID 4	Pressure sensor trailer, front right	3 4	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage.
5 PSID	Pressure sensor trailer, front right.	3 4	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage.
PSID 6	Pressure sensor trailer, rear right.	3 4	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage.
PSID 7	Pressure sensor trailer, rear left.	3 4	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage.
8 PSID	EEPROM memory, load indicator.	13	Load indicator calibration values are wrong.
PSID 9	Solenoid valve triple axis.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
10 PSID	Solenoid valve lift trolley.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
PSID 11	Average solenoid valve triple axis.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
12 PSID	Pressure sensor triple axis.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
PSID 13	The pressure sensor of the trolley lifting device.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
PSID 14	Power off the triple axis.	7	Switch, the system does not react in the right way.
15 PSID	Calibration memory EEPROM, Falim.	13	Falim calibration values are wrong.
PSID 16	Additional features of the switch, pneumatic suspension electronic control unit of the car.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 17	Floor level sensor Falim.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 19	Channel front axle air suspension car.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 20	Air suspension feed drive shaft on the left side of the car.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 21	Air suspension feed drive shaft on the right side of the car.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 22	Channel air suspension of the driving axle of the car.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 23	Channel extra air suspension axles of the vehicle.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 24	Channel air suspension lift trolley car.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
PSID 27	Solenoid valve 4 axis on the right side of the car.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
PSID 28	4 axis pressure sensor on the right side of the car.	3 4 7	High voltage Contact ECS. Circuit plus, or a short circuit at a high voltage. Voltage on pin ECU of the engine below the value 4 c. low voltage circuit between the relays and ECU, short-circuit on the chain with a lower voltage. Pressure sensor, the system does not react in the right way.
PSID 30	Solenoid valve high fourth axis of the car.	5 6 7	Low current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Power cable breakage. High current contacts of the electronic block of ECS. Short to Earth. The solenoid valve, the system does not react in the right way.
PSID 32	Air suspension channel triple axis.	7	The system does not react in the right way.
200 PSID	Communication with the electronic engine control unit of the car is lost.	9	The pace and frequency of data updates, are wrong.
PSID 201	Communication with electronic control unit car lost.	9	The pace and frequency of data updates, are wrong.
PSID 202	Communication with electronic control unit dashboard lost.	9	The pace and frequency of data updates, are wrong.
PSID 204	Communication with electronic control unit unbraked vehicle lost.	9	The pace and frequency of data updates, are wrong.
PSID 206	Communication with electronic control unit fuse is lost.	9	The pace and frequency of data updates, are wrong.
PSID 210	Communication with external lighting electronic control unit is lost.	9	The pace and frequency of data updates, are wrong.
PSID 215	Communication with electronic control unit rear axles with electronic control lost.	9	The pace and frequency of data updates, are wrong.

Volvo MID 150 – Suspension fault codes

Volvo PID Fault Codes

Volvo PPID Fault Codes

Volvo SID Fault Codes

Volvo PSID Fault Codes

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Volvo MID 150 – Suspension fault codes

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